Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Circulation. Jan 26;(4):e doi: /CIR The Guide to Grammar and Writing contains scores of digital handouts on grammar and English usage, over computer-graded quizzes, recommendations on writing -- from basic problems in subject-verb agreement and the use of articles to exercises in parallel structures and help with argumentative essays, and a way to submit questions about grammar and writing Abstract In this document, we propose a universal definition of heart failure (HF) as a clinical syndrome with symptoms and/or signs caused by a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality and corroborated by elevated natriuretic peptide levels and/or objective evidence of
Tips for writing a case report for the novice author
Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. A case report is a description of important scientific observations that are missed or undetectable in clinical trials. This includes a rare or unusual clinical condition, a previously unreported or unrecognized disease, unusual side effects to therapy or response to treatment, and unique use of imaging modalities or diagnostic tests to assist diagnosis of a disease, writing an abstract for a report.
Generally, a case report should be short and focussed, with its main components being the abstract, introduction, writing an abstract for a report, case description, and discussion. This article discusses the essential components of a case report, with the aim of providing guidelines and tips to novice authors to improve their writing skills.
For many doctors and other healthcare professionals, writing a case report represents the first effort at getting articles published in medical journals and it is considered a useful exercise in learning how to write scientifically due to similarity of the basic methodology.
Although case reports are regarded by some as the lowest some even do not list the case reports at all in the hierarchy of evidence in the medical literature, publishing case reports allow for anecdotal sharing of individual experiences, providing essential sources of information for the optimum care of patients.
In the hierarchy of evidence-based medicine, randomized controlled trials are placed at the top, superseded by systematic reviews and meta-analyses, followed by prospective experimental trials, then observational studies, writing an abstract for a report, case—control studies, and case series at the bottom.
Case reports are infrequently cited, and therefore, publishing case reports is likely to decrease the journal's impact factor. On the other hand, it has been pointed out by others that case reports writing an abstract for a report are carefully prepared and interpreted with appropriate caution play a valuable role in both the advancement of medical knowledge and the pursuit of education.
Two main roles are recognized for case reports published in medical imaging and radiology journals: as sources of new knowledge and as important means for education and learning. The case report as a source of new knowledge refers to visualization of a new manifestation or finding, or clearer demonstration of a known feature of a disease, using a new imaging technology or an imaging method.
Educational value instead of extreme rarity is the main virtue of a case report worthy of publication. Multiplanar reformatted image showing the left coronary artery with coronary stent implanted arrows at the ostium of left main stem A.
Virtual endoscopy views of the proximal segment of left coronary artery Bleft anterior descending Cand left circumflex D. The internal wall of these coronary branches looks smooth on virtual endoscopy images with no sign of intraluminal irregularity.
Reprint with permission from Reference. Writing a case report can be educational for the author as well as for potential readers. Although it is recognized that these guidelines and tips for writing case reports are insufficient for making a successful author, they do help inexperienced authors to exercise and develop basic skills needed in medical writing.
Case reports are shorter than most other types of articles. Case reports should encompass the following five sections: an abstract, an introduction with a literature review, a description of the case report, a discussion that includes a detailed explanation of the literature review, and writing an abstract for a report brief summary of the case and a conclusion. Unlike original articles, case reports do not follow the usual IMRAD introduction, methods, results, and discussion format of manuscript organization.
As the format for case reports varies greatly among different journals, writing an abstract for a report, it is important for authors to read carefully and follow the target journal's instructions to authors. The title is the first component of a case report that will be read by readers. Therefore, writing an abstract for a report, it should be concise, informative, and relevant to the subject. The ideal title should attract the reader's attention and writing an abstract for a report the focus on a particular issue, without being too cumbersome or artificial.
IVC, inferior vena cava; CPD, continuing professional development. Like other types of articles, it is necessary to include a short summary that gives an overall idea about the content of the case report. The abstract is usually quite brief and generally shorter than that for other types of articles, and it typically has a word limit of words or less. The abstract should be unstructured, pose the clinical question or diagnostic problem, and provide essential information which allows for easier retrieval from electronic database and helps researchers determine their levels of interest in the case report.
The introduction should be concise and immediately attract the attention and interest of the reader. The author should bear in mind that a more detailed literature review belongs to the discussion, although critical evaluation of the literature is still required, writing an abstract for a report. The case description or summary is the focus of the case report. The case is best presented in chronological order and in enough detail for the reader to establish his or her own conclusions about the case's validity.
A year-old female was admitted to the outpatient department due to an increasing lump on the right thigh, which she stated as having been present for 5 years. A painful feeling sometimes occurred in the right upper leg.
There was no complaint of lower limb weakness, no history of trauma and the patient was otherwise in good health. On physical examination, a deep seated round mass was detected and located on the right thigh with a size of 25 × 25 × 15 cm, showing hard consistency and non-mobile features Fig.
A Photograph showing a huge lump in the anterior part of the right thigh. B Radiographs revealed a bulged soft tissue mass in anterior compartment of right lower thigh showing predominantly radiolucent density with multiple chondroid matrix of calcification. Bone structure is still intact. All important negative findings should also be provided. The author's own interpretation or inferences should be avoided in the body of a case report.
The following paragraph is another example on the detailed description of using different methods both imaging and diagnostic:. Radiographs showed a bulge soft tissue mass in the right lower thigh having predominantly radiolucent density with multiple chondroid matrix of calcification Fig. An MRI was obtained to further define the extent and nature of the lesion, confirming heterogeneous soft tissue mass in the anterior compartment of the muscle of the right lower thigh which mostly consisted of fat tissue, thick septation and some nodular non-adipose components.
T2-weighted images through the tumour demonstrated high signal intensity comparable with the signal intensity of fat. Fat-suppressed T2-weighted images through the distal part of the tumour showed suppression of the signal through the central fatty components and lobular high signal intensity component at the peripheral rim. In particular, figures need a brief but clear description. In the case of surgery and pathology specimens, the author is advised to provide a comprehensive summary of the surgical procedure and detailed pathologist's report.
The patient was admitted to the surgical ward with preparation for open surgery. The abdomen was opened through the site of the previous incision, writing an abstract for a report, and an abscess was observed and drained. A hole was detected in the peritoneal fascia.
The anterior duodenum was oedematous and thickened with coverage of fibrin. A small perforated duodenal ulcer was seen. Graham patch procedure was performed to repair the perforated duodenal ulcer with two drains put in place and then the abdomen was closed. The patient was managed with intravenous fluids, as well as analgesics and antibiotics, writing an abstract for a report. It is worth noting that patient confidentiality must be preserved.
Patient demographics such as age and gender, and occasionally, race and occupation are referred to in the first sentence. In order to reduce the possibility of identifying the patient, the patient's initials, date of birth, and other identifiers such as hospital number must not be used. The discussion is the most important section of the case report. The discussion serves to summarize and interpret the key findings of the case report, to contrast the case report with what is already known in the literature and justify its uniqueness, to derive new knowledge and applicability to practice, and to draw clinically useful conclusions.
The discussion section of a case report is not designed to provide a comprehensive literature review and citation of all references; therefore, all the references cited should be critically evaluated. Any limitations of the case should be stated and the significance of each limitation described.
The value that the case adds to the current literature should be highlighted, so should the lessons that may be learnt from the case presented, especially if new recommendations for patient diagnosis with use of an imaging modality or management, could be put forward. This case report highlights the importance of using CT in making accurate diagnosis in patients with abdominal pain due to suspected GI tract perforation.
In particular, appropriate selection of CT scanning protocol, such as with oral contrast administration is necessary to ensure timely diagnosis and improve patient management. In the last paragraph, the author should provide the main conclusion of the case report based on the writing an abstract for a report reviewed in the discussion section.
A concise statement of the lesson to be learnt from the case could be stated with justifiable evidence-based recommendations. This section should be concise and not exceed one paragraph.
The references listed at the end of the case report writing an abstract for a report be carefully chosen by virtue of their relevance. References should provide additional information for readers interested in more detail than can be found in the case report, and they should support any specific points highlighted.
A case report will not have as much potential impact on the clinical practice of healthcare as randomized controlled trials or other research articles. However, case reports provide valuable sources of new and unusual information for clinicians to share their anecdotal experiences with individual cases, make others aware of unusual presentations or complications, writing an abstract for a report, and deliver the educational and teaching message.
Well-written and appropriately structured case reports with meticulous attention writing an abstract for a report the very minute details will contribute to the medical literature and can still enrich our knowledge in today's evidence-based medical world.
Table 2 provides the suggested checklist for reporting case reports. Guidelines and tips for writing case reports are not enough for becoming a successful author; however, they are considered helpful for inexperienced or novice authors to exercise and improve their skills needed in medical writing. Checklist for writing case reports based on advice in existing literature. National Center for Biotechnology InformationU. National Library of Medicine Rockville PikeBethesda MDUSA. NCBI Skip to main content Skip to navigation Resources How To About NCBI Accesskeys My NCBI Sign in to NCBI Sign Out.
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Journal List J Med Radiat Sci v. J Med Radiat Sci. Published online Jul doi: PMCID: PMC Zhonghua Sun. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Discipline of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, Perth, writing an abstract for a report, Western Australia, Australia.
Zhonghua Sun, PhD, Discipline of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, GPO Box, U, Perth, WAAustralia. nitruc nus. Funding Information No writing an abstract for a report is available for this article. Received May 8; Accepted Jun Copyright © The Author. Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences published by Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd on behalf of Australian Institute of Radiography and New Zealand Institute of Medical Radiation Technology.
This is an open access article under the terms writing an abstract for a report the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, writing an abstract for a report and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
How to Write an Abstract Step-by-Step (With Easy Examples)
, time: 9:20Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Jul 21, · The structure of the case report. Case reports are shorter than most other types of articles. Case reports should encompass the following five sections: an abstract, an introduction with a literature review, a description of the case report, a discussion that includes a detailed explanation of the literature review, and a brief summary of the case and a conclusion,22 Tables, figures, graphs The Guide to Grammar and Writing contains scores of digital handouts on grammar and English usage, over computer-graded quizzes, recommendations on writing -- from basic problems in subject-verb agreement and the use of articles to exercises in parallel structures and help with argumentative essays, and a way to submit questions about grammar and writing Inspiration K Edition is a visual learning tool that inspires students to develop and organize their ideas. It supports visual thinking techniques, enabling students to easily create and update graphic organizers, concept maps, idea maps and other visual diagrams
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